Cutting coal dust with effective chute designs

Coal dust is a contributor to lung disease and poses a threat to workers in coal mines, coal plants and similar facilities, as well as to residents of neighbouring communities. It also poses a safety hazard, as it can spontaneously ignite causing potentially life-threatening fires.

Coal dust also impacts on the efficiency of coal handling systems, reducing productivity and profits. Equipment and machinery can become thickly coated with dust, which increases the need for regular cleaning, while dust ingress into moving machinery reduces its lifespan.

Dust suppression and dust extraction systems are usually used to control the problem, but Weba Chute Systems of South Africa technical director Alwin Nienaber asserts that a more effective approach is to focus on the engineering and positioning of the transfer chutes that form an integral part of most conveyor systems.

“This can relieve 50% to 80% of the problem,” he says. “Suppression and extraction of the remaining dust then becomes a much more efficient component in a broader and more holistic solution.”

He adds that at the heart of any effort to control dust is an understanding of material flow and of the effects of uncontrolled velocity and impact.

Weba Chute Systems technical manager Dewald Tintinger explains that chutes simply provide an open channel for material to fall through, before being discharged onto the next conveyor or outlet. The result is that material can spread in an uncontrolled manner as it travels, which invariably creates more dust than is necessary.

Tintinger says Weba Chute Systems can provide custom-engineered chute designs which deliberately create a flow path for the material based on its inherent qualities, speed and volume and the throughput requirements of the installation.

“Using sound engineering principles, chutes can be designed to minimise the physical impacts that create dust,” he says.

Weba deploys specialised technology including three-dimensional software. It also verifies its designs prior to manufacture using discrete element method simulation. Nienaber adds that strategies to control coal dust are best formulated at the design stage, and that the earlier Weba Chute Systems is involved, the better the outcome.